Japanese Unit 8 Lesson 4

This lesson is probably the one I've taken the least away from, and I'm confused about the grammar.

dosee: Saturn
Afurika: Africa
onnanohito: Woman
Chuugoku: China

kono wakusee wa dosee to ii masu: This planet is called Saturn.
kono hito wa onnanohito desu: This person is a woman.
kono kuni wa Chuugoku to ii masu: This country is called China.
kono tairiku wa Afurika to ii masu: This continent is called Africa.

wakusee: Planet
hito: Person
kuni: County
tairiku: Continent

[Note: For all of the "rareta, rarete" stuff going on... I have no idea what that was supposed to mean. Looking it up online told me that it was either super polite or that it was the passive tense.... so confused. That's why this lesson sucked and Rosetta Stone does too.]

kono wakusee wa dosee desu: This planet is Saturn.
kono hito wa onnanoko desu: This person is a girl.
akaku nurareta kuni wa Igirisu desu: The country that has been painted red is England.
kono tairiku wa kita Amerika desu: This continent is North America.

kono tairiku wa Ajia desu: This continent is Asia.
kono tairiku wa Afurika desu: This continent is Africa.
kono tairiku wa minami Amerika desu: This continent is South America.
kono tairiku wa Yooroppa desu: This continent is Europe.

Burajiru wa kono chizu dewa akaku nurareta kuni desu: Brazil is the country that has been painted red on this map.
Aruzenchin wa kono chizu dewa akaku nurareta kuni desu: Argentina is the country that has been painted red on this map.
Chiri wa kono chizu dewa akaku nurareta kuni desu: Chili is the country that has been painted red on this map.
Benezuera wa kono chizu dewa akaku nurareta kuni desu: Venezuela is the country that has been painted red on this map.

[Note: The rest of these are pretty redundant... I don't feel like typing them, especially since I don't get the nuances of what they say. I'll type the vocab.]

Amerika gassuukoku: The United States of America
Kanada: Canada
Mekishiko: Mexico
Nihon: Japan

Naijeria: Nigeria
Ejiputo: Egypt
Arujeria: Algeria
Tanzania: ..Tanzania.

Doitsu: Germany
Itaria: Italy
Indo: India
Betonamu: Vietnam

Chuugoku wa kono chizu dewa akaku nurareta Ajia no kuni desu: China, a country in Asia, has been painted red on this map?
Kankoku wa kono chizu dewa akaku nurareta Aija no kuni desu: Korea, a country in Asia, has been painted red on this map.
Supein wa kono chizu dewa akaku nurareta Yooroppa no kuni desu: Spain, a country in Europe, has been painted red on this map.
Roshia wa kono chizu dewa akaku nurareta imasu. Roshia wa Yooroppa to Aija ni aru kuni desu: Russha has been painted red on this map. Russia is a country in Europe and Asia.